The transceiver, which operates over the temperature range of −40 to +125☌, comes in multiple package types. It has a sleep mode to conserve power and a wakeup feature to signal a transmission. It’s heavily protected from electrostatic discharge (ESD), transients, and thermal overload. It can operate from a supply voltage in the 4- to 36-V range. A representative device is Texas Instruments’ TLIN1029-Q1. LIN transceivers are available in various configurations from multiple manufacturers.
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In summary, the LIN bus is attractive because it uses a simple 1-wire bus it operates with the basic automotive battery supply data synchronizes without a crystal reference and no license fee is required unlike with CAN and other networks. For LIN standard protocol frames, each byte of data has a stop and start bit, making 10 bits per character. The addressed slave then responds with 0 to 8 bytes of data, followed by a 10-bit checksum.Ģ. A 10-bit identifier (6 address, 2 parity, start-stop) is used to select the desired node. The master node communicates with each node by sending a break field of 13 bits to establish synchronization between master and slave.
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The LIN transceivers use the familiar UART format with 8 bits of data plus start and stop bits. The LIN protocol frame is illustrated in Figure 2. It has the potential to support rates up to 100 kb/s over shorter distances. The upper data rate is usually 20 kb/s at the maximum bus range of 40 meters. Logic levels are typically 0 V and +12 V. The LIN transceivers at each node usually operate from the main 12-V vehicle electrical system. In most vehicles, LIN buses are operated as sub-networks to a CAN bus such as the body electronics bus. The diagram represents a simplified version of the LIN bus. The slave nodes on the bus get their directions from a master microcontroller.ġ. These nodes are usually operated by a dedicated MCU and connected by internal pull-up resistors to the bus. Slave nodes may be switches or other sensors for inputs and some controlled device or actuator like a motor, relay, solenoid, or LED. The master MCU connects to the LIN bus via an external pull-up resistor and protective diode. The LIN standard defines the physical (PHY) and media-access-control (MAC) layers of the OSI networking model.Ī LIN bus can accommodate up to 16 drops or nodes. The standard has been revised and updated several times over its lifetime. It’s been standardized as ISO17897 and ISO9141. It was created back in the late 1990s and is sponsored by the LIN Consortium. LIN is a single-wire bus that uses the vehicle ground as the return. Within it, an in-cabin virtual view launches and lets you explore a few of the functions that LIN enables today. If you want to take a look inside one of today’s car models and see where LIN transceivers might be used, check out this blog from Texas Instruments.
They’re used in applications where data speed isn’t high and many operations are of the off-on type. Most newer vehicles contain at least a dozen LIN nodes.
LIN Protocol and Physical Layer Requirements.Here’s a look at how LIN is used in vehicles today. LIN is a simple 1-wire bus that’s flexible, tolerant, and low cost. But probably the most widely used interface is the Local Interconnect Network (LIN), which connects a variety of sensors and actuators. Today, the modern vehicle contains multiple networks, combining some mix of the Controller Area Network (CAN), Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST), FlexRay, and even Ethernet. As more electronic subsystems populated automobiles over the years, engineers discovered the necessity of interconnecting them with serial data networks to minimize wiring and optimize their performance.
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